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All 118 elements

Element 49 ·post-transition metal

yīn — "indium"

Indium

Traditional:

How the character is built

The radical marks this as a metal, and that is not a coincidence of this one character — it holds right across the table. Read the radical first and the element's state at room temperature is already settled. It is (jīn) squeezed into the space beside another component — radicals change shape by position, which is why is hard to spot until you know to look for .

This character is used for the element and little else — you are unlikely to meet it outside a chemistry classroom.

The element itself

Indium is soft enough to be marked with a fingernail and will leave a streak on paper like a pencil, and when bent it emits a faint crackling sound as its crystals slip past each other. It was found by its indigo spectral line, which gave it its name. There is no such thing as an indium mine — it substitutes for zinc in sphalerite at trace levels and is recovered from zinc refining residues, which caps how much of it can ever exist regardless of demand.

Where it sits among the 118

Indium melts at 157°C (429.75 K) — lower than 75 of the 97 elements whose melting point has been measured, and higher than 21. The grey dots are the rest of the table.
In the Earth's crust there is about 250 milligrams in every tonne of rock. That makes it commoner than 29 of the 93 elements that occur naturally at all. The scale is logarithmic: each gridline is ten times the one below it.

First isolated in 1863.

Where it comes from in China

Indium has no ore. It substitutes for zinc inside sphalerite at trace levels, so it is recovered only where zinc concentrates are already being smelted — in China, the tin-zinc systems of Dachang in Guangxi and the zinc districts of Yunnan. This is the general rule for the scattered metals: their supply is decided not by exploration but by what somebody else is smelting anyway.

Yunnan 云南Guangxi 广西
Guangxi and Yunnan — shaded on a map drawn from Natural Earth's public-domain data.

The full entry

For stroke order, example sentences, audio and the complete set of meanings, see the dictionary entry.

Indium in the dictionary →

Others built the same way

Every one of these carries , and every one is a metal.

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