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All 118 elements

Element 4 ·alkaline earth metal

pí — "beryllium"

Beryllium

Traditional:

How the character is built

The radical marks this as a metal, and that is not a coincidence of this one character — it holds right across the table. Read the radical first and the element's state at room temperature is already settled. It is (jīn) squeezed into the space beside another component — radicals change shape by position, which is why is hard to spot until you know to look for .

This character is used for the element and little else — you are unlikely to meet it outside a chemistry classroom.

The element itself

Beryllium hides in plain sight: emerald and aquamarine are both the mineral beryl, and the difference between a green gem and a blue one is a trace of chromium versus a trace of iron. Because its atoms are so light, beryllium is nearly transparent to X-rays, which is why the windows of X-ray tubes and detectors are made of it — a metal you can see through, if your eyes worked in the right part of the spectrum. It is also stiffer than steel for its weight, and its dust is genuinely dangerous to handle, so it is machined under strict containment.

Where it sits among the 118

Beryllium melts at 1287°C (1560 K) — lower than 34 of the 97 elements whose melting point has been measured, and higher than 62. The grey dots are the rest of the table.
In the Earth's crust there is about 2.8 grams in every tonne of rock. That makes it commoner than 45 of the 93 elements that occur naturally at all. The scale is logarithmic: each gridline is ten times the one below it.

First isolated in 1797.

Where it comes from in China

Beryllium in China leads to one remarkable place: the Koktokay pegmatite in the Altai mountains of northern Xinjiang, a single zoned body of coarse granite that yielded beryl alongside lithium, niobium, tantalum and caesium minerals. Pegmatites crystallise from the last water-rich fraction of a granite melt, which is where all the ions too large or too oddly charged for ordinary minerals end up — so the crystals grow enormous and the rare elements gather together in one place. The pit is now as much a geological landmark as a mine.

Xinjiang 新疆
Xinjiang — shaded on a map drawn from Natural Earth's public-domain data.

The full entry

For stroke order, example sentences, audio and the complete set of meanings, see the dictionary entry.

Beryllium in the dictionary →

Others built the same way

Every one of these carries , and every one is a metal.

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