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All 118 elements

Element 22 ·transition metal

tài — "titanium"

Titanium

Traditional:

How the character is built

The radical marks this as a metal, and that is not a coincidence of this one character — it holds right across the table. Read the radical first and the element's state at room temperature is already settled. It is (jīn) squeezed into the space beside another component — radicals change shape by position, which is why is hard to spot until you know to look for .

Where you actually meet it

钛合金 (tàihéjīn) titanium alloy

The element itself

Titanium is among the ten most abundant elements in the crust and yet costs many times what steel does, and the reason is entirely in the extraction. It bonds to oxygen so tenaciously that the standard process reduces it in sealed vessels with magnesium, batch by batch over days, producing a porous lump that must then be melted under vacuum. Most of the ore is not mined from hard rock at all but dredged from heavy-mineral beach sands, where ilmenite and rutile grains have been sorted and concentrated by surf over thousands of years.

Where it sits among the 118

Titanium melts at 1668°C (1941 K) — lower than 17 of the 97 elements whose melting point has been measured, and higher than 79. The grey dots are the rest of the table.
In the Earth's crust there is about 0.56% of the crust by weight. That makes it commoner than 84 of the 93 elements that occur naturally at all. The scale is logarithmic: each gridline is ten times the one below it.

First isolated in 1791.

Where it comes from in China

Panzhihua, in the far south of Sichuan, is where titanium and iron come out of the same rock. Around 260 million years ago a flood-basalt eruption on a scale the modern world has never come close to — the Emeishan basalts — poured across southwestern China, and in the magma chambers feeding it, magnetite crystallised laced with titanium and vanadium and settled out in layers. That titanium made the ore stubborn to smelt for a long time, and the district's history is largely the story of learning to treat it as an asset rather than a contaminant.

Sichuan 四川
Sichuan — shaded on a map drawn from Natural Earth's public-domain data.

The full entry

For stroke order, example sentences, audio and the complete set of meanings, see the dictionary entry.

Titanium in the dictionary →

Others built the same way

Every one of these carries , and every one is a metal.

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