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All 118 elements

Element 21 ·transition metal

kàng — "scandium"

Scandium

Traditional:

How the character is built

The radical marks this as a metal, and that is not a coincidence of this one character — it holds right across the table. Read the radical first and the element's state at room temperature is already settled. It is (jīn) squeezed into the space beside another component — radicals change shape by position, which is why is hard to spot until you know to look for .

This character is used for the element and little else — you are unlikely to meet it outside a chemistry classroom.

The element itself

Scandium is not actually rare in the crust — it is more common than lead — but it is almost perversely evenly spread, so there is nowhere on Earth worth digging a hole specifically to get it. It has no ore of its own worth the name, and what reaches the market is scavenged from the residues of other operations: uranium tailings, nickel laterite processing, titanium refining. That is the whole reason it stayed a laboratory curiosity for a century despite making genuinely excellent aluminium alloys.

Where it sits among the 118

Scandium melts at 1541°C (1814 K) — lower than 22 of the 97 elements whose melting point has been measured, and higher than 74. The grey dots are the rest of the table.
In the Earth's crust there is about 22 grams in every tonne of rock. That makes it commoner than 62 of the 93 elements that occur naturally at all. The scale is logarithmic: each gridline is ten times the one below it.

First isolated in 1879.

Where it comes from in China

Scandium is not especially rare in the crust, but it almost never gathers into an ore of its own, so it has no home mine and is scavenged from other people's residues. In China that means the titanium processing streams at Panzhihua in Sichuan and the rare-earth tailings at Bayan Obo. The reason it stays scattered is chemical: the scandium ion is too small to follow the rare earths and close enough to iron and magnesium to hide in trace amounts inside ordinary rock-forming minerals, so it never quite finds a mineral of its own.

Inner Mongolia 内蒙古Sichuan 四川
Sichuan and Inner Mongolia — shaded on a map drawn from Natural Earth's public-domain data.

The full entry

For stroke order, example sentences, audio and the complete set of meanings, see the dictionary entry.

Scandium in the dictionary →

Others built the same way

Every one of these carries , and every one is a metal.

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