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All 118 elements

Element 60 ·lanthanide

nǚ — "neodymium"

Neodymium

Traditional:

How the character is built

The radical marks this as a metal, and that is not a coincidence of this one character — it holds right across the table. Read the radical first and the element's state at room temperature is already settled. It is (jīn) squeezed into the space beside another component — radicals change shape by position, which is why is hard to spot until you know to look for .

Phonetic 女 nǚ supplies the sound only; the metal radical supplies the meaning.

Where you actually meet it

钕磁铁 (nǚ cítiě) — neodymium magnet

The element itself

Neodymium sits at the heart of the strongest permanent magnets ever made — an alloy with iron and boron, worked out in the early 1980s, that made it possible to shrink headphone drivers, hard-disk actuators and motors to a fraction of their former size. The magnets have one weakness, which is that heat destroys their alignment, and the usual fix is to add a little dysprosium. Neodymium also colours glass a curious violet that shifts noticeably between daylight and incandescent light, a party trick chemists have enjoyed since the nineteenth century.

Where it sits among the 118

Neodymium melts at 1024°C (1297 K) — lower than 43 of the 97 elements whose melting point has been measured, and higher than 53. The grey dots are the rest of the table.
In the Earth's crust there is about 42 grams in every tonne of rock. That makes it commoner than 66 of the 93 elements that occur naturally at all. The scale is logarithmic: each gridline is ten times the one below it.

First isolated in 1885.

Where it comes from in China

Neodymium, the metal behind the strongest permanent magnets ever made, comes from two carbonatite districts: Bayan Obo in Inner Mongolia and the Mianning–Dechang belt around Maoniuping in western Sichuan. Both are places where carbonate-rich magma rose through continental crust and left its rare earths in bastnäsite, a fluorocarbonate mineral that strongly favours the light end of the lanthanide series. The magnet metals were an afterthought when these deposits were first opened; the geology had simply put them there and waited.

Inner Mongolia 内蒙古Sichuan 四川
Inner Mongolia and Sichuan — shaded on a map drawn from Natural Earth's public-domain data.

The full entry

For stroke order, example sentences, audio and the complete set of meanings, see the dictionary entry.

Neodymium in the dictionary →

Others built the same way

Every one of these carries , and every one is a metal.

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