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All 118 elements

Element 72 ·transition metal

hā — "hafnium"

Hafnium

Traditional:

How the character is built

The radical marks this as a metal, and that is not a coincidence of this one character — it holds right across the table. Read the radical first and the element's state at room temperature is already settled. It is (jīn) squeezed into the space beside another component — radicals change shape by position, which is why is hard to spot until you know to look for .

Phonetic 合; the reading hā is otherwise almost only met in 哈.

This character is used for the element and little else — you are unlikely to meet it outside a chemistry classroom.

The element itself

Hafnium went unfound until 1923, absurdly late for an element that is not rare, and it had been hiding in plain sight the whole time: it sits inside essentially every zircon crystal, at a percent or two, because hafnium and zirconium are almost impossible to tell apart chemically. That similarity became suddenly urgent when nuclear reactors were designed, because zirconium is nearly transparent to neutrons and hafnium devours them — so the fuel cladding needs one and the control rods need the other, and separating a pair of twins to that standard became an industry in itself.

Where it sits among the 118

Hafnium melts at 2233°C (2506 K) — lower than 8 of the 97 elements whose melting point has been measured, and higher than 88. The grey dots are the rest of the table.
In the Earth's crust there is about 3 grams in every tonne of rock. That makes it commoner than 46 of the 93 elements that occur naturally at all. The scale is logarithmic: each gridline is ten times the one below it.

First isolated in 1922.

The full entry

For stroke order, example sentences, audio and the complete set of meanings, see the dictionary entry.

Hafnium in the dictionary →

Others built the same way

Every one of these carries , and every one is a metal.

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