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All 118 elements

Element 83 ·post-transition metal

bì — "bismuth"

Bismuth

Traditional:

How the character is built

The radical marks this as a metal, and that is not a coincidence of this one character — it holds right across the table. Read the radical first and the element's state at room temperature is already settled. It is (jīn) squeezed into the space beside another component — radicals change shape by position, which is why is hard to spot until you know to look for .

Phonetic 必 bì, for the 'bi-' of bismuth.

This character is used for the element and little else — you are unlikely to meet it outside a chemistry classroom.

The element itself

Bismuth grows the most beautiful crystals of any common element: cooled slowly, it forms stepped, hollow, staircase-like hopper crystals, and a thin oxide film on the surface splits light into rainbow colours. It is also the most strongly diamagnetic metal, meaning it is faintly repelled by any magnetic field. For most of the twentieth century it was listed as the heaviest stable element, until measurements in 2003 caught it decaying after all — with a half-life about a billion times longer than the age of the universe, which is stable enough for any practical purpose.

Where it sits among the 118

Bismuth melts at 272°C (544.7 K) — lower than 70 of the 97 elements whose melting point has been measured, and higher than 26. The grey dots are the rest of the table.
In the Earth's crust there is about 9 milligrams in every tonne of rock. That makes it commoner than 22 of the 93 elements that occur naturally at all. The scale is logarithmic: each gridline is ten times the one below it.

Bismuth is one of the fourteen elements that were known before anyone was keeping records of who found what.

Where it comes from in China

Bismuth rarely justifies a mine of its own and mostly rides along with tungsten, molybdenum and lead. In China that means the Nanling belt, above all Shizhuyuan in Hunan, where a granite baked its limestone wall rock into a skarn carrying tungsten, tin, molybdenum and bismuth together in one body. The one place bismuth comes close to being the main event is Dashuigou in Sichuan, and even there it plays second to tellurium.

Sichuan 四川Hunan 湖南
Hunan and Sichuan — shaded on a map drawn from Natural Earth's public-domain data.

The full entry

For stroke order, example sentences, audio and the complete set of meanings, see the dictionary entry.

Bismuth in the dictionary →

Others built the same way

Every one of these carries , and every one is a metal.

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