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公 — pronunciations, definitions, and tags
HanziPinyinEnglishTags
gōngpublicHSK 6, n, 4 strokes, radical 八, rank #4244, Hard
gōngcollectively ownedHSK 6, n, 4 strokes, radical 八, rank #4244, Hard
gōngcommonHSK 6, n, 4 strokes, radical 八, rank #4244, Hard
gōnginternational (e.g. high seas, metric system, calendar)HSK 6, n, 4 strokes, radical 八, rank #4244, Hard
gōngmake publicHSK 6, n, 4 strokes, radical 八, rank #4244, Hard
gōngfairHSK 6, n, 4 strokes, radical 八, rank #4244, Hard
gōngjustHSK 6, n, 4 strokes, radical 八, rank #4244, Hard
gōngDuke, highest of five orders of nobility 五等爵位[wǔ děng jué wèi]HSK 6, n, 4 strokes, radical 八, rank #4244, Hard
gōnghonorable (gentlemen)HSK 6, n, 4 strokes, radical 八, rank #4244, Hard
gōngfather-in-lawHSK 6, n, 4 strokes, radical 八, rank #4244, Hard
gōngmale (animal)HSK 6, n, 4 strokes, radical 八, rank #4244, Hard
gōngfair, equitable; public; dukeHSK 6, n, 4 strokes, radical 八, rank #4244, Hard
gōngDuke, highest of five orders of nobility 五等爵位[wu3 deng3 jue2 wei4]HSK 6, unknown, 4 strokes, radical 八, rank #4244, Hard
gōng(gong1) T1
  1. 1public
  2. 2collectively owned
Listen to the audio pronunciation 3 times to gain XP
March 24, 2026
gōng(gong1)

The character 公 (gōng) primarily means 'public' or 'common.' It is used in contexts referring to collective ownership, fairness, and the concept of something being open or accessible to all. Additionally, it can denote titles of nobility, such as 'Duke,' and is often associated with the idea of justice and equality.

Strokes4RadicalFrequency#4244DifficultyHard
Cultural Note

The concept of 公 is significant in Chinese culture, particularly in the context of community and social harmony. It reflects the Confucian value of prioritizing the common good over individual interests.

Memory Tip

Imagine a group of people (公) coming together in a public park, sharing stories and enjoying the day. The character's structure has components that suggest community and openness, much like how '公' sounds similar to 'gong,' the sound of a bell that calls everyone to gather.

Meanings of 公

gōng(gong1)
1public
2collectively owned
Exercise 1 of 2

Listen & Choose the Meaning

Choose the correct answer:

About 公

Simplified
4Strokes
Radical
名形词xíngróngcíadj-noun (adj.-n.)Part of Speech
#4244Frequency Rank
HSK 3.0L6IntermediateHSKKL3BCTCEFRC1

Podcast: 公

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AI Study Notes for 公

Quick Contrast

公 (gōng) vs 共同 (gòngtóng) — use 公 for 'public' or 'common' in a general sense, while 共同 emphasizes a shared action or experience.

Memory Mnemonic

Imagine a group of people (公) coming together in a public park, sharing stories and enjoying the day. The character's structure has components that suggest community and openness, much like how '公' sounds similar to 'gong,' the sound of a bell that calls everyone to gather.

Usage Notes

Learners often confuse 公 with 私 (sī), which means 'private.' Remember that 公 is used in more formal and collective contexts, while 私 is personal. Common collocations include 公共交通 (public transportation) and 公平 (fairness). Pay attention to the tone, as mispronouncing it can change its meaning.

HSK Study Tips

Although 公 is not specifically listed in HSK levels, it is foundational for understanding concepts related to community and fairness, which are prevalent in HSK vocabulary. Students should focus on how it appears in phrases like 公共 (public) and how it contrasts with 私.

Cultural Note

The concept of 公 is significant in Chinese culture, particularly in the context of community and social harmony. It reflects the Confucian value of prioritizing the common good over individual interests.

Common Mistakes

Learners often mistakenly use 公 when they should use 私, resulting in phrases like '公的生活' (public life) instead of the correct '私的生活' (private life). Always ensure the context aligns with public versus private concepts.

AI-enhanced 2026-03-24

Pronunciation of 公

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Etymology of 公

Formation TypeIdeographic 指事
六书 ClassificationIdeograph (指事字)~2% of characters
Explanation

Originally a pictograph of a vessel for holding liquid. The original meaning is now written as 瓮, with the 瓦 (pottery) component added at the bottom. The current meaning "public" is a phonetic loan.

Memory Hint

To divide 八 what is private 厶

Learn more about Ideograph (指事字) characters
Exercise 1 of 1

Character Formation Type

What type of character formation is 公?

Decomposition of 公

IDS Structure⿱八厶
Full Character
=
ba1
top
mou3
bottom
Exercise 1 of 2

Identify the Components

Which of these is a component of 公?

Write 公

Practice writing stroke by stroke. Watch the animation to learn the stroke order, then try writing it yourself.

Write correctly 3 times to earn XP

Grammar Patterns of 公

公 functions as a noun — it names a person, place, thing, or concept. Place it as a subject before the verb (主+谓) or as an object after the verb (谓+宾). Most Chinese nouns require a measure word between the number and the noun (e.g. 一个/三本). It carries 13 related meanings, each with its own usage notes below. The example sentences below show it in action, with practice buttons (Listen, Practice Writing, Practice Speaking) on every line.

Exercise 1 of 3

Complete the Sentence

这路____交车从我们学校门口过。

This bus route passes by our school gate.

Example Sentences for 公 (10)

Listen to all sentences once to receive XP
1
我不开车,公共汽车条件又太糟糕。

wǒ bù kāi chē, , gōng gòng qì chē tiáo jiàn yòu tài zāo。

I don't drive and the buses are quite hopeless.
2
我看见路易丝慢慢地走向公共汽车站。

wǒ kàn jiàn lù yì sī màn màn dì zǒu xiàng gōng gòng qì chē zhàn。

I saw Louise walking slowly to the bus stop.
3
我需要将公司的最高层团结起来。

wǒ xū yào jiāng gōng sī de zuì gāo céng tuán jié qǐ lái。

I need to have the top people in this company pull together.
4
我不该把我的公文包和相机包留在那儿无人看管。

wǒ bù gāi bǎ wǒ de gōng wén bāo hé xiāng jī bāo liú zài nà ér wú rén kàn guǎn。

I should not leave my briefcase and camera bag unguarded.
5
医生们抱怨他们疲于应付医药公司的销售人员。

yī shēng mén bào yuàn tā mén pí yú yīng fù yī yào gōng sī de xiāo shòu rén yuán。

Doctors are complaining about being barraged by drug-company salesmen.
6
日新月异的世界使这家公司感到了压力。

rì xīn yuè yì de shì jiè shǐ zhè jiā gōng sī gǎn dào le yā lì。

A changing world has put pressures on the corporation.
7
这家公司生产一系列的新型轻便自行车。

zhè jiā gōng sī shēng chǎn yī xì liè de xīn xíng qīng biàn zì háng chē。

The company manufactures a range of innovative light-weight cycles.
8
各公司正在把工作岗位转移至生活费用较低的城镇。

gè gōng sī zhèng zài bǎ gōng zuò gǎng wèi zhuǎn yí zhì shēng huó fèi yòng jiào dī de chéng zhèn。

Companies are moving jobs to towns with a lower cost of living.
9
坎贝尔公司的总裁退休后,麦戈文被选定为继任者。

kǎn bèi ěr gōng sī de zǒng cái tuì xiū hòu, , mài gē wén bèi xuǎn dìng wéi jì rèn。

When the chairman of Campbell's retired, McGovern was named as his successor.
10
那些地区通过完善的公路系统相互连接。

nà xiē dì qū tōng guò wán shàn de gōng lù xì tǒng xiāng hù lián jiē。

The regions are interconnected by an excellent highway system.

Cultural Notes for 公

🏮Cultural insight

The concept of 公 is significant in Chinese culture, particularly in the context of community and social harmony. It reflects the Confucian value of prioritizing the common good over individual interests.

Word Family of 公

Compounds23
Song1surname Song
song4litigation
Weng1old man; father, father-in-law
song4ode
weng4urn, earthen jar
gong1centipede
song1calm, peaceful; quiet, tranquil
zhong1agitated, restless
gun3imperial robe; ceremonial dress
qian1lead (element)
song4to accuse, to argue; to dispute, to litigate
song4to laud, to acclaim; ode, hymn
Words Containing This Character20
公司gōngsīcompany
办公室bàngōngshìoffice辦公室
公寓gōngyùapartment building
公平gōngpíngfair
公园gōngyuánpark (for public recreation)公園
gōngpublic
公开gōngkāipublic公開
公布gōngbùto announce公佈
公里gōnglǐkilometer
老公lǎogōng(coll.) eunuch
公共gōnggòngpublic
公主gōngzhǔprincess
公路gōnglùhighway
公众gōngzhòngpublic公眾
公民gōngmíncitizen
有限公司limited company
公告gōnggàopost
公正gōngzhèngjust
公斤gōngjīnkilogram (kg)
办公bàngōngto handle official business辦公
Exercise 1 of 4

Compound Meaning

What does 松 mean?

Frequently Asked Questions about 公

公 can mean 'public', 'fair', or even denote a title like 'Duke'. Its meaning varies depending on the context in which it is used.