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石 — pronunciations, definitions, and tags
HanziPinyinEnglishTags
shídry measure for grain equal to ten dou 斗n, 5 strokes, radical 石, rank #2951, Hard
shísurname Shin, 5 strokes, radical 石, rank #2951, Hard
shíten pecksn, 5 strokes, radical 石, rank #2951, Hard
shírockn, 5 strokes, radical 石, rank #2951, Hard
shíone hundred litersn, 5 strokes, radical 石, rank #2951, Hard
shístonen, 5 strokes, radical 石, rank #2951, Hard
shístone inscriptionn, 5 strokes, radical 石, rank #2951, Hard
shíone of the eight ancient musical instruments 八音[bā yīn]n, 5 strokes, radical 石, rank #2951, Hard
shístone, rock, mineraln, 5 strokes, radical 石, rank #2951, Hard
shíone of the eight ancient musical instruments 八音[ba1 yin1]unknown, 5 strokes, radical 石, rank #2951, Hard
dàndry measure for grain equal to ten dou 斗n, 5 strokes, radical 石, rank #2951, Hard
dànsurname Shin, 5 strokes, radical 石, rank #2951, Hard
dànten pecksn, 5 strokes, radical 石, rank #2951, Hard
dànrockn, 5 strokes, radical 石, rank #2951, Hard
dànone hundred litersn, 5 strokes, radical 石, rank #2951, Hard
dànstonen, 5 strokes, radical 石, rank #2951, Hard
dànstone inscriptionn, 5 strokes, radical 石, rank #2951, Hard
dànone of the eight ancient musical instruments 八音[bā yīn]n, 5 strokes, radical 石, rank #2951, Hard
dànstone, rock, mineraln, 5 strokes, radical 石, rank #2951, Hard
dànone of the eight ancient musical instruments 八音[ba1 yin1]unknown, 5 strokes, radical 石, rank #2951, Hard
dàn(dan4)
primary
T4
  1. 1dry measure for grain equal to ten dou 斗
  2. 2ten pecks
Listen to the audio pronunciation 3 times to gain XP
March 24, 2026
dàn(dan4)

The character 石 (dàn) primarily refers to 'stone' or 'rock' and can also denote a dry measure for grain equal to ten dou 斗. It is used in various contexts, including as a surname and in traditional measurements. In a broader sense, it carries connotations of solidity and permanence.

Strokes5RadicalFrequency#2951DifficultyHard
Cultural Note

In Chinese culture, stones are often associated with stability and strength, reflecting the philosophical idea of resilience. Additionally, stones have historical significance in Chinese poetry and art, symbolizing permanence and endurance.

Memory Tip

Imagine a giant stone (石) blocking a path, representing strength and durability. The pronunciation 'dàn' sounds like 'dan' in 'darn it!', which could help you remember that stones are often obstacles in our way.

Meanings of 石

dàn(dan4)
primary
1dry measure for grain equal to ten dou 斗
2ten pecks
Exercise 1 of 3

Listen & Choose the Meaning

Choose the correct answer:

About 石

Simplified
5Strokes
Radical
名词míngcínoun (n.)Part of Speech
#2951Frequency Rank

Podcast: 石

JasonAmy

Podcast:

Listen to Jason & Amy break down this word for you

AI Study Notes for 石

Memory Mnemonic

Imagine a giant stone (石) blocking a path, representing strength and durability. The pronunciation 'dàn' sounds like 'dan' in 'darn it!', which could help you remember that stones are often obstacles in our way.

Usage Notes

Be mindful that 石 (dàn) is often confused with other similar-sounding words. It is generally used in more formal or traditional contexts, especially when discussing measurements or historical topics. Common collocations include '石头' (shítou) for 'stone' and '干石' (gānshí) for 'dry stone'.

HSK Study Tips

Although 石 is not part of the standard HSK vocabulary, it connects with other HSK words related to nature and materials, like 土 (tǔ - earth) and 木 (mù - wood). Students should focus on recognizing its usage in various contexts, especially in traditional settings.

Cultural Note

In Chinese culture, stones are often associated with stability and strength, reflecting the philosophical idea of resilience. Additionally, stones have historical significance in Chinese poetry and art, symbolizing permanence and endurance.

Common Mistakes

Learners often confuse 石 (dàn) with 土 (tǔ), which means 'earth' or 'soil'. A common mistake would be using 石 to describe soil, as in '石的土' (shí de tǔ), which should be '土' instead.

AI-enhanced 2026-03-24

Pronunciation of 石

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Etymology of 石

Formation TypeIdeographic 指事
六书 ClassificationIdeograph (指事字)~2% of characters
Explanation

Pictograph of a stone chime.

Memory Hint

A rock 口 at the base of a cliff 厂

Learn more about Ideograph (指事字) characters
Exercise 1 of 1

Character Formation Type

What type of character formation is 石?

Decomposition of 石

IDS Structure⿸厂口
Full Character
=
chang3
enclosing
kou3
inner
Exercise 1 of 2

Identify the Components

Which of these is a component of 石?

Write 石

Practice writing stroke by stroke. Watch the animation to learn the stroke order, then try writing it yourself.

Write correctly 3 times to earn XP

Grammar Patterns of 石

石 functions as a noun — it names a person, place, thing, or concept. Place it as a subject before the verb (主+谓) or as an object after the verb (谓+宾). Most Chinese nouns require a measure word between the number and the noun (e.g. 一个/三本). It carries 10 related meanings, each with its own usage notes below. The example sentences below show it in action, with practice buttons (Listen, Practice Writing, Practice Speaking) on every line.

Exercise 1 of 3

Complete the Sentence

现急需煤炭、____油、电力及其他能源。

Coal, petroleum, electricity, and other energy sources are urgently needed.

Common Confusions with 石

vs
shí

Similar pronunciation but different meaning.

vs
shí

Similar pronunciation but different meaning.

Exercise 1 of 1

Spot the Difference

Which character means "dry measure for grain equal to ten dou 斗"?

or

Example Sentences for 石 (10)

Listen to all sentences once to receive XP
1
我签到后嘎吱嘎吱走过石子路来到我的房间。

wǒ qiān dào hòu gā zhī gā zhī zǒu guò shí zǐ lù lái dào wǒ de fáng jiān。

I signed in and crunched across the gravel to my room.
2
石油工程师规划并管理石油的提炼。

shí yóu gōng chéng shī guī huá bìng guǎn lǐ shí yóu de tí liàn。

Petroleum engineers plan and manage the extraction of oil.
3
钻石切割靠的是工匠的技艺。

zuān shí qiē gē kào de shì gōng jiàng de jì yì。

The cut of a diamond depends on the skill of its craftsman.
4
奥瑞克斯是一家设在达拉斯的石油和天然气勘探生产公司。

ào ruì kè sī shì yī jiā shè zài dá lā sī de shí yóu hé tiān rán qì kān tàn shēng chǎn gōng sī。

Oryx is a Dallas-based oil and gas exploration and production concern.
5
他无法确定地板是木头的还是石头的。

tā wú fǎ què dìng dì bǎn shì mù tóu de huán shì shí tóu de。

He could not tell whether the floor was wood or stone.
6
有人偷了某个影星的钻石了吗?

yǒu rén tōu le mǒu gè yǐng xīng de zuān shí le ma?

Has somebody helped himself to some film star's diamonds?
7
子弹砰地射进了天花板,掉落的石膏碎片落了他们一身。

zǐ dàn pēng dì shè jìn le tiān huā bǎn, , diào luò de shí gāo suì piàn luò le tā mén yī。

The bullet slammed into the ceiling, spraying them with bits of plaster.
8
橄榄被石磙碾成了酱。

gǎn lǎn bèi shí gǔn niǎn chéng le jiàng。

The olives are crushed to a pulp by stone rollers.
9
这场大火使科威特的石油产业陷入悲惨的境地。

zhè cháng dà huǒ shǐ kē wēi tè de shí yóu chǎn yè xiàn rù bēi cǎn de jìng dì。

The fire left Kuwait's oil industry in a sorry state.
10
一名石油公司主管从其公司骗取了5万英镑。

yī míng shí yóu gōng sī zhǔ guǎn cóng qí gōng sī piàn qǔ le5 5 wàn yīng。

An oil executive swindled £50,000 out of his firm.

Cultural Notes for 石

🏮Cultural insight

In Chinese culture, stones are often associated with stability and strength, reflecting the philosophical idea of resilience. Additionally, stones have historical significance in Chinese poetry and art, symbolizing permanence and endurance.

Word Family of 石

Compounds349
que4variant of 確
po4broken
ma3weight
peng4variant of 碰[pèng]
yan2to grind
sui4to break down
za2to smash
ying4hard
mo2to rub
ji1jetty, reef; breakwater, eddy
ai4to hinder
bang4see 磅秤 scale
kan3to chop
ci2magnetic
wan3variant of 碗[wǎn]
kuang4ore
yan2cliff
die2plate, small dish
bi4jade; green, blue
chu3foundation
zhuan1variant of 甎
tan4carbon (chemistry)
peng1bang! the sound of crashing rock
bei1a monument
ke1to tap
liu4see 碌碡[liù zhou]
shuo4large
liu2sulfur
ta4surname Tuo
jiao1jetty, reef
nian3stone roller; to crush, to roll
xiao1saltpeter; to tan leather
jian3alkaline, alkali, lye, salt
beng4to pump
huang2sulphur; brimstone
sha1sand, pebbles, gravel; gritty
gui1silicon
lin2phosphorus
diao1watchtower
pan2boulder, large rock; firm, stable
li4gravel, pebbles
dian3iodine
qi4to pile up, to build; stone steps; rock wall
shen1arsenic
cha2quarrel; fault; a shard of glass
zhen1anvil, flat stone
cuo1deliberate
jian3alkaline, alkali, lye, salt
lei3a pile of rocks; candid, open; great
dang4quarry; cave dwelling; to put someone off
pi1arsenic
di3whetstone; to polish
tuo2a stone roller; plumb, weight
fa2a standard weight (as for a balance)
li4whetstone; to sharpen
chen3gritty
peng2borax, boron
ge4hard, bulging
xi1selenium
fan2alum
yan4inkstone
zha3stone tablet; monument
zhi2the sole of the foot
que4certain, sure; definite, exact; real, true
ai4to block, to deter, to hinder, to obstruct
xi4silicon
pao4gun, cannon
ai4astatine
qi4gravel, sand
ji1jetty, reef; breakwater, eddy
feng1sulfone
dong4cave; chamber; pit
bian1stone probe; to pierce; to counsel
zhe4cudrania, mulberry; sugarcane
bo2to extend, to fill
dui4pestle
ding4anchor
zhuo2to chop, to cut, to lop off
shi2china, stoneware
gan1cliff; rock
ku1busy; to toil, to slave away
dang4a stone veined with brilliant colors
huo4the sound of a whip cracking
ya4to polish, to grind; to roll with a stone roller
che1giant clam, Tridacna gigas
fei4to build a dam with rocks
la2boulder; obelisk
long2millstone; to grind, to mill
tong2concrete
nao2sal ammoniac
xing2whetstone
xia2a town in Hebei province
qiao1barren land; sandy soil
ai2millstone; to grind, to mill
wo4a flat stone used as a mortar
mang2a crude saltpeter
bei4suburb
du2stone roller
jie2stone tablet
di4tellurium
sang3plinth, stone base
zhe2to dismember, to tear apart
gun3stone roller
qing4musical instrument; a kind of xylophone
qu2giant clam, Tridacna gigas
deng4stone steps on a cliff or hill
dun1stone block
jiang1pebble, small stone
meng2a kind of mineral
ca3shredder, grater; grindstone
dun4a kind of farm tool
zhai4stockade, fort, military outpost; brothel
zhu1cinnabar; a red mole
yan4inkstone
bian3
shuo4great, eminent; large, big
xuan4
ma3number, numeral, symbol; yard
zhuan1tile, brick
chu3foundation stone, plinth; basis
kuang4mine; mineral, ore
fan2alum
Words Containing This Character20
dànrock
石头shítoustone石頭
石油shíyóuoil
钻石zuànshídiamond鑽石
岩石yánshírock
石化to petrify
宝石bǎoshígem寶石
陨石yǔnshímeteorite隕石
蒋介石Chiang Kai-shek (1887-1975), military leader, head of the Nationalist government in China 1928-1949 and the government in exile on Taiwan 1950-1975蔣介石
化石huàshífossil
石膏plaster
大理石marble
石家庄Shijiazhuang prefecture level city and capital of Hebei Province 河北省[Hé​běi​Shěng] in north China石家莊
石块stone石塊
矿石ore礦石
结石calculus結石
石板slab
红宝石ruby紅寶石
铁矿石iron ore鐵礦石
水落石出shuǐluòshíchūthe truth comes to light
Exercise 1 of 4

Compound Meaning

What does 确 mean?

Frequently Asked Questions about 石

石 (shí) is a common Chinese surname, meaning 'stone.' Many Chinese people with this surname may have ancestral ties to regions where stone carving was prominent or where stone resources were abundant. It is a name associated with strength and durability.