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All 118 elements

Element 85 ·halogen

ài — "astatine"

Astatine

How the character is built

The radical marks this as a solid non-metal, and that is not a coincidence of this one character — it holds right across the table. Read the radical first and the element's state at room temperature is already settled.

Stone radical, not metal — the namers classed astatine with the solid non-metals. (Astatine is usually called a non-metal or a metalloid, and even its solid state is a prediction: no visible piece has ever existed.) Taiwan writes a different character, 砈, read è.

This character is used for the element and little else — you are unlikely to meet it outside a chemistry classroom.

The element itself

Astatine is the rarest naturally occurring element on Earth. It exists only as a fleeting step in the decay chains of uranium and thorium, and every atom that forms is gone within hours, so the standing quantity in the entire crust at any instant is estimated at well under a gram. Nobody has ever seen a visible sample and probably nobody ever will: enough astatine to look at would generate so much heat from its own radioactivity that it would vaporise itself.

Where it sits among the 118

Astatine melts at 302°C (575 K) — lower than 69 of the 97 elements whose melting point has been measured, and higher than 27. The grey dots are the rest of the table.
In the Earth's crust there is present only in traces, far below a milligram per tonne. That makes it commoner than 0 of the 93 elements that occur naturally at all. The scale is logarithmic: each gridline is ten times the one below it.

First isolated in 1940.

The full entry

For stroke order, example sentences, audio and the complete set of meanings, see the dictionary entry.

Astatine in the dictionary →

Others built the same way

Every one of these carries , and every one is a solid non-metal.

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