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塹 — pronunciations, definitions, and tags
HanziPinyinEnglishTags
塹qiànmoat, pit, trench; cavityx, 14 strokes, radical 土
qiàn(qian4)qian T4
  1. 1moat, pit, trench; cavity
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March 24, 2026

塹qiàn(qian4)

The character 塹 (qiàn) refers to a moat, pit, or trench, typically used as a defensive structure in ancient Chinese warfare or for irrigation. In modern contexts, it can also denote a cavity or hollow space. This term is less commonly used in everyday conversation but may appear in historical or architectural discussions.

Strokes14Radical土
Cultural note

In ancient China, moats were crucial in fortifying cities against invasions, symbolizing the importance of defense in Chinese history. The design of traditional Chinese castles often included extensive trench systems.

Memory tip

Think of 塹 (qiàn) as a 'cavity' or 'trench' where the radical 土 (tǔ) represents 'earth' and the character suggests digging into the ground. Imagine a soldier guarding a moat filled with water, creating an image of protection and depth.

Meanings of 塹

qiàn(qian4)
1moat, pit, trench; cavity
Exercise 1 of 2

By ear

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About 塹

塹Simplified
14Strokes
土Radical
非语素字non-morpheme character (n-m.)Part of Speech
#—Frequency Rank

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Podcast: 塹

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AI study notes for 塹

Usage Notes

Learners often confuse 塹 with similar characters that denote different types of water bodies or trenches. It is more formal and may not be used frequently in casual conversation. Common collocations include '防御塹' (defensive trench) and '水塹' (water trench).

HSK Study Tips

While 塹 is not part of the HSK vocabulary, understanding it helps learners connect with characters related to defense and construction, like 堡 (bǎo - fortress) and 坑 (kēng - pit). Focus on recognizing the character's radicals and related terms to enhance vocabulary.

Common Mistakes

Learners might confuse 塹 with 坑 (kēng) and use it interchangeably, leading to misunderstandings. For example, saying '我在水塹里' (I am in the water trench) when they meant '水坑' (water pit) is incorrect; ensure the context matches the meaning.

AI-enhanced 2026-03-24

Pronunciation of 塹

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Etymology of 塹

Formation typepictophonetic
六书 ClassificationPhono-semantic (形声字)~80-90% of characters
Explanation

Phonosemantic compound. 土 represents the meaning and 斩 represents the sound. Simplified form of 塹.

Memory hint

earth

Semantic (meaning)土
+
Phonetic (sound)斬
Learn more about Phono-semantic (形声字) characters
Exercise 1 of 1

Origin

塹 = 土 + 斬. What kind of character does that make it?

Decomposition of 塹

IDS Structure⿱斬土
塹Full character
=
斬zhan3
top
土Tu3
bottom
Exercise 1 of 2

Parts

Which of these is part of 塹?

How to say moat, pit, trench; cavity in Chinese

“moat, pit, trench; cavity” in Chinese is塹qiàn

The character 塹 (qiàn) refers to a moat, pit, or trench, typically used as a defensive structure in ancient Chinese warfare or for irrigation. In modern contexts, it can also denote a cavity or hollow space. This term is less commonly used in everyday conversation but may appear in historical or architectural discussions.

When to use 塹

Learners often confuse 塹 with similar characters that denote different types of water bodies or trenches. It is more formal and may not be used frequently in casual conversation. Common collocations include '防御塹' (defensive trench) and '水塹' (water trench).

What learners get wrong

Learners might confuse 塹 with 坑 (kēng) and use it interchangeably, leading to misunderstandings. For example, saying '我在水塹里' (I am in the water trench) when they meant '水坑' (water pit) is incorrect; ensure the context matches the meaning.

Write 塹

塹

Practice writing 塹 stroke by stroke. Watch the animation to learn the stroke order, then try writing it yourself.

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Word Family of 塹

Words containing this character3
堑qiànmoat around a city塹
路堑(civil engineering) cutting (for a railway or highway)路塹
地堑trench, rift valley地塹
Exercise 1 of 3

Characters with 塹

What does 堑 mean?

Frequently asked questions about 塹

It is mostly found in historical texts or discussions about architecture and defense, rather than in everyday speech.

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