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塹 — pronunciations, definitions, and tags
HanziPinyinEnglishTags
塹qiànmoat, pit, trench; cavityx, 14 strokes, radical 土
qiàn(qian4) T4
  1. 1moat, pit, trench; cavity
Listen to the audio pronunciation 3 times to gain XP
March 24, 2026

塹qiàn(qian4)

The character 塹 (qiàn) refers to a moat, pit, or trench, typically used as a defensive structure in ancient Chinese warfare or for irrigation. In modern contexts, it can also denote a cavity or hollow space. This term is less commonly used in everyday conversation but may appear in historical or architectural discussions.

Strokes14Radical土
Cultural Note

In ancient China, moats were crucial in fortifying cities against invasions, symbolizing the importance of defense in Chinese history. The design of traditional Chinese castles often included extensive trench systems.

Memory Tip

Think of 塹 (qiàn) as a 'cavity' or 'trench' where the radical 土 (tǔ) represents 'earth' and the character suggests digging into the ground. Imagine a soldier guarding a moat filled with water, creating an image of protection and depth.

Meanings of 塹

qiàn(qian4)
1moat, pit, trench; cavity
Exercise 1 of 2

Listen & Choose the Meaning

Choose the correct answer:

About 塹

塹Simplified
14Strokes
土Radical
非语素字non-morpheme character (n-m.)Part of Speech
#—Frequency Rank

Podcast: 塹

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Podcast: 塹

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AI Study Notes for 塹

Usage Notes

Learners often confuse 塹 with similar characters that denote different types of water bodies or trenches. It is more formal and may not be used frequently in casual conversation. Common collocations include '防御塹' (defensive trench) and '水塹' (water trench).

HSK Study Tips

While 塹 is not part of the HSK vocabulary, understanding it helps learners connect with characters related to defense and construction, like 堡 (bǎo - fortress) and 坑 (kēng - pit). Focus on recognizing the character's radicals and related terms to enhance vocabulary.

Common Mistakes

Learners might confuse 塹 with 坑 (kēng) and use it interchangeably, leading to misunderstandings. For example, saying '我在水塹里' (I am in the water trench) when they meant '水坑' (water pit) is incorrect; ensure the context matches the meaning.

AI-enhanced 2026-03-24

Pronunciation of 塹

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Etymology of 塹

Formation Typepictophonetic
六书 ClassificationPhono-semantic (形声字)~80-90% of characters
Explanation

Phonosemantic compound. 土 represents the meaning and 斩 represents the sound. Simplified form of 塹.

Memory Hint

earth

Semantic (meaning)土
+
Phonetic (sound)斬
Learn more about Phono-semantic (形声字) characters

Jason Etymology Detective

Case file: 塹

Phonosemantic compound. 土 represents the meaning and 斩 represents the sound. Simplified form of 塹.

  1. 1The meaning half土 carries the sense.
  2. 2The sound half斬 is there for the reading, not the meaning.
  3. 3The giveawayearth
  4. 4On the record aspictophonetic.

Every clue here comes from the character's recorded structure — nothing is guessed.

Want the full history of 塹? Jason searches the paleographic record, weighs the competing accounts and judges the popular story.

Charged once for this character — everyone reads it afterwards.
Exercise 1 of 1

Character Formation Type

What type of character formation is 塹?

Decomposition of 塹

IDS Structure⿱斬土
塹Full Character
=
斬zhan3
top
土Tu3
bottom
Exercise 1 of 2

Identify the Components

Which of these is a component of 塹?

How to say moat, pit, trench; cavity in Chinese

“moat, pit, trench; cavity” in Chinese is塹qiàn

The character 塹 (qiàn) refers to a moat, pit, or trench, typically used as a defensive structure in ancient Chinese warfare or for irrigation. In modern contexts, it can also denote a cavity or hollow space. This term is less commonly used in everyday conversation but may appear in historical or architectural discussions.

When to use 塹

Learners often confuse 塹 with similar characters that denote different types of water bodies or trenches. It is more formal and may not be used frequently in casual conversation. Common collocations include '防御塹' (defensive trench) and '水塹' (water trench).

What learners get wrong

Learners might confuse 塹 with 坑 (kēng) and use it interchangeably, leading to misunderstandings. For example, saying '我在水塹里' (I am in the water trench) when they meant '水坑' (water pit) is incorrect; ensure the context matches the meaning.

Write 塹

塹

Practice writing 塹 stroke by stroke. Watch the animation to learn the stroke order, then try writing it yourself.

Write correctly 3 times to earn XP

Word Family of 塹

Words Containing This Character3
堑qiànmoat around a city塹
路堑(civil engineering) cutting (for a railway or highway)路塹
地堑trench, rift valley地塹
Exercise 1 of 3

Compound Meaning

What does 堑 mean?

Frequently Asked Questions about 塹

It is mostly found in historical texts or discussions about architecture and defense, rather than in everyday speech.

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