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All Chinese surnames

Cao

Cáo

The 30th most common surname in China

May 27, 2026

Where the name comes from

Cao is the name of a Zhou duchy, founded when King Wen of Zhou enfeoffed his thirteenth son Zhenduo (曹叔振鐸) at Cao, near modern Dingtao in Shandong; its people later carried the state's name. A separate Chinese line runs through Yan'an (晏安), counted among the eight Zhurong surnames and associated with the state of Zhu. A third is not Chinese at all: Sogdian immigrants from Central Asia adopted Cao as one of the Nine Zhaowu surnames.

The same name, spelled differently

A Chinese surname is a character, not a spelling. The Latin letters on a passport come from whichever dialect the name was written down from — so these are all 曹.

  • CaoMandarin — mainland China, Taiwan
  • Cho / Tso / ChawCantonese — Hong Kong
  • Chou / Chô / ChowHokkien
  • Chau / ChowTeochew
  • Zau / DzauShanghainese (Wu)
  • ChoKorean

The character

Outside a name, 曹 is an ordinary word meaning ministers, officials; a company.

Strokes
11
Radical
As a word
cáo
See 曹 in the dictionary →

Sources