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曾 — pronunciations, definitions, and tags
HanziPinyinEnglishTags
ZēngonceHSK 5, d, 12 strokes, radical 曰, rank #643, Medium
Zēngsurname ZengHSK 5, d, 12 strokes, radical 曰, rank #643, Medium
ZēngalreadyHSK 5, d, 12 strokes, radical 曰, rank #643, Medium
Zēnggreat-grand (father, child etc)HSK 5, d, 12 strokes, radical 曰, rank #643, Medium
Zēngever (in the past)HSK 5, d, 12 strokes, radical 曰, rank #643, Medium
ZēngformerHSK 5, d, 12 strokes, radical 曰, rank #643, Medium
ZēngpreviouslyHSK 5, d, 12 strokes, radical 曰, rank #643, Medium
Zēng(past tense marker used before verb or clause)HSK 5, d, 12 strokes, radical 曰, rank #643, Medium
Zēngalready, formerly, once; the pastHSK 5, d, 12 strokes, radical 曰, rank #643, Medium
céngonceHSK 5, d, 12 strokes, radical 曰, rank #643, Medium
céngsurname ZengHSK 5, d, 12 strokes, radical 曰, rank #643, Medium
céngalreadyHSK 5, d, 12 strokes, radical 曰, rank #643, Medium
cénggreat-grand (father, child etc)HSK 5, d, 12 strokes, radical 曰, rank #643, Medium
céngever (in the past)HSK 5, d, 12 strokes, radical 曰, rank #643, Medium
céngformerHSK 5, d, 12 strokes, radical 曰, rank #643, Medium
céngpreviouslyHSK 5, d, 12 strokes, radical 曰, rank #643, Medium
céng(past tense marker used before verb or clause)HSK 5, d, 12 strokes, radical 曰, rank #643, Medium
céngalready, formerly, once; the pastHSK 5, d, 12 strokes, radical 曰, rank #643, Medium
céng(ceng2)
primary
T2
  1. 1once
  2. 2already
Listen to the audio pronunciation 3 times to gain XP
March 24, 2026
céng(ceng2)

The character 曾 (céng) primarily means 'once' or 'formerly,' indicating something that happened in the past. It is often used as a past tense marker before verbs or clauses, adding context to actions that have already occurred. Additionally, it can refer to the surname Zeng, and it conveys a sense of something that is no longer current.

Strokes12RadicalFrequency#643DifficultyMedium
Cultural Note

In Chinese culture, reflecting on the past is significant, and the use of 曾 in storytelling and historical accounts emphasizes the importance of memory and history. It is often found in literature and formal speeches when discussing past events.

Memory Tip

Imagine a grandfather (the great-grandparent) telling a story about 'once' when he was young; the character 曾 looks a bit like a person with arms raised in memory. The pronunciation 'céng' sounds like 'sung,' as if he is singing about his past adventures.

Meanings of 曾

céng(ceng2)
primary
1once
2already
Exercise 1 of 3

Listen & Choose the Meaning

Choose the correct answer:

About 曾

Simplified
12Strokes
Radical
副词fùcíadverb (adv.)Part of Speech
#643Frequency Rank
HSK 3.0L5IntermediateTOCFLL4HSKKL2CEFRB1

Podcast: 曾

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AI Study Notes for 曾

Quick Contrast

曾 (céng) vs 过 (guò) — use 曾 for actions that occurred at a specific point in the past, while 过 indicates past experiences without a specific time reference.

Memory Mnemonic

Imagine a grandfather (the great-grandparent) telling a story about 'once' when he was young; the character 曾 looks a bit like a person with arms raised in memory. The pronunciation 'céng' sounds like 'sung,' as if he is singing about his past adventures.

Usage Notes

Common mistakes include confusing 曾 with 过 (guò), which also marks past actions but has a different nuance. This character is more formal and is often used in written Chinese rather than casual speech. Be cautious with tone; using the wrong tone can mislead listeners.

HSK Study Tips

Though 曾 is not in the official HSK vocabulary lists, it connects to other past-tense markers and words relating to history or experiences, such as 过 (guò). Students should focus on its usage in sentences and practice distinguishing it from similar terms.

Cultural Note

In Chinese culture, reflecting on the past is significant, and the use of 曾 in storytelling and historical accounts emphasizes the importance of memory and history. It is often found in literature and formal speeches when discussing past events.

Common Mistakes

Learners often confuse 曾 with 过, leading to sentences like '我过去北京' instead of '我曾去过北京.' It’s essential to choose the right word based on the context of the past action.

AI-enhanced 2026-03-24

Pronunciation of 曾

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Etymology of 曾

Formation TypeIdeographic 指事
六书 ClassificationIdeograph (指事字)~2% of characters
Explanation

Pictograph of a cooking pot. Based on the original meaning "cauldron; cooking pot", now written as 甑. The current meaning is a phonetic loan.

Memory Hint

A rice cooker on heat 日, building up steam 丷 and letting it off

Learn more about Ideograph (指事字) characters
Exercise 1 of 1

Character Formation Type

What type of character formation is 曾?

Decomposition of 曾

IDS Structure⿳丷?日
Full Character
=
ha5
top
Ri4
middle
Exercise 1 of 2

Identify the Components

Which of these is a component of 曾?

Write 曾

Practice writing stroke by stroke. Watch the animation to learn the stroke order, then try writing it yourself.

Write correctly 3 times to earn XP

Grammar Patterns of 曾

曾 functions as an adverb — it modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. In Chinese, adverbs sit BEFORE the verb they modify (我也去, 他常常迟到), never after it. It carries 9 related meanings, each with its own usage notes below. The example sentences below show it in action, with practice buttons (Listen, Practice Writing, Practice Speaking) on every line.

Exercise 1 of 2

Complete the Sentence

这件事他未____提起过。

He has never once brought up this matter.

Common Confusions with 曾

vs
céng

Same pronunciation but different meaning.

vs
cèng

Similar pronunciation but different meaning.

Exercise 1 of 1

Spot the Difference

Which character means "once"?

or

Usage Notes for 曾

Usage of 曾Grammar Tip

曾 is often used to indicate a past action or state, similar to the English 'once' or 'ever'. It typically precedes the verb it modifies.

1

我曾去过北京。

I have been to Beijing before.

Exercise 1 of 1

Fill in the Blank

我____去过北京。

I have been to Beijing before.

Example Sentences for 曾 (10)

Listen to all sentences once to receive XP
1
以前我曾经做过大学校报的主编。

yǐ qián wǒ zēng jīng zuò guò dà xué xiào bào de zhǔ biān。

I used to edit the college paper in the old days.
2
我曾祖父曾是这儿的头面人物。

wǒ zēng zǔ fù zēng shì zhè ér de tóu miàn rén wù。

My great-grandfather was a person of some importance here.
3
麦克阿瑟将军曾是太平洋战区盟军的最高统帅。

mài kè ā sè jiāng jūn zēng shì tài píng yáng zhàn qū méng jūn de zuì gāo tǒng shuài。

MacArthur was Supreme Commander for the allied powers in the Pacific.
4
他天生擅长交际:他的祖先曾是封建领主。

tā tiān shēng shàn cháng jiāo jì: : tā de zǔ xiān zēng shì fēng jiàn lǐng。

Diplomacy was in his blood: his ancestors had been feudal lords.
5
他们甚至可能曾经相互比试过,只不过不是经常性的。

tā mén shèn zhì kě néng zēng jīng xiāng hù bǐ shì guò, , zhī bù guò bù shì jīng cháng xìng。

They may even have raced each other — but not regularly.
6
她现在住的房子曾经是村里的邮局。

tā xiàn zài zhù de fáng zǐ zēng jīng shì cūn lǐ de yóu jú。

The house where she lives was once the village post office.
7
这是条曾被收养的流浪狗。

zhè shì tiáo zēng bèi shōu yǎng de liú làng gǒu。

The dog was a stray which had been adopted.
8
一群骨干右翼参议员曾企图左右自己的同僚。

yī qún gǔ gān yòu yì cān yì yuán zēng qǐ tú zuǒ yòu zì jǐ de tóng liáo。

A hard-core group of right-wing senators had hoped to sway their colleagues.
9
他们曾保证水管一年前彻底检修过。

tā mén zēng bǎo zhèng shuǐ guǎn yī nián qián chè dǐ jiǎn xiū guò。

They had ensured the plumbing was overhauled a year ago.
10
他曾告诉一位采访者,他甚至都不喜欢摇滚乐。

tā zēng gào sù yī wèi cǎi fǎng zhě, , tā shèn zhì dū bù xǐ huān yáo gǔn。

He once told an interviewer that he didn't even like rock music.

Cultural Notes for 曾

🏮Cultural insight

In Chinese culture, reflecting on the past is significant, and the use of 曾 in storytelling and historical accounts emphasizes the importance of memory and history. It is often found in literature and formal speeches when discussing past events.

Word Family of 曾

Compounds19
zeng1to increase
zeng4to give as a present
ceng4to shuffle; to procrastinate, to freeload, to dilly-dally
Zeng1silk; to tie, to bind; surname
zeng1a large square net for catching fish
zeng1silk; to tie, to bind; surname
Words Containing This Character20
céngonce
曾经céngjīngonce曾經
不曾bùcénghasn't yet
未曾hasn't ever
似曾相识sìcéngxiāngshíseemingly familiar似曾相識
曾祖父father's father's father
曾几何时just a while before曾幾何時
曾庆红Zeng Qinghong (1939-), vice-president of PRC 2003-2008曾慶紅
曾荫权Sir Donald Tsang or Tsang Yam-Kuen (1944-)曾蔭權
曾国藩Zeng Guofan (1811-1872), Qing dynasty politician and military man曾國藩
曾祖母father's father's mother
何曾did I ever ...? (or "did he ever ...?" etc)
曾孙great-grandson曾孫
曾经沧海lit. having crossed the vast ocean (idiom)曾經滄海
曾祖great-grandfather (father of one's paternal grandfather)
曾纪泽Cang Jize or Tseng Chi-tse (1839-1890), pioneer diplomat of late Qing, serve as imperial commissioner (ambassador) to UK, France and Russia曾紀澤
曾子Zengzi (505-435 BC), student of Confucius, presumed editor or author of Confucian classic the Great Learning 大學|大学[Dà​xué]
曾孙女great-granddaughter曾孫女
曾巩Zeng Gong (1019-1083), Song dynasty writer, one of the Eight Giants 唐宋八大家曾鞏
曾都区Zengdu district of Suizhou city 隨州市|随州市[Suí​zhōu​shì], Hubei曾都區
Exercise 1 of 4

Compound Meaning

What does 增 mean?

Frequently Asked Questions about 曾

While both 曾 (céng) and 以前 (yǐqián) relate to the past, they are used differently. 曾 focuses on indicating that something happened at least once before, while 以前 generally refers to a time period before now without specifying the occurrence of an action.