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怂 — pronunciations, definitions, and tags
HanziPinyinEnglishTags
怂sǒngto arouse, to incite, to instigatevg, 8 strokes, radical 心, rank #43425, Very Hard
怂sǒngterrifiedunknown, 8 strokes, radical 心, rank #43425, Very Hard
sǒng(song3)song T3
  1. 1to arouse, to incite, to instigate
  2. 2terrified
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March 24, 2026

怂(慫)sǒng(song3)

The character 怂 (sǒng) primarily means to incite or instigate someone to act, often with a connotation of instilling fear or cowardice. It is commonly used in informal contexts to describe someone who is frightened or lacking courage, and it conveys a sense of pushing someone into a situation they may not want to face.

Strokes8Radical心Frequency#43425DifficultyVery Hard
Cultural note

In modern Chinese pop culture, the term 怂 has gained popularity in internet slang, often used humorously to describe someone who is scared or hesitant, reflecting a cultural tendency to use humor to address fear and bravery.

Memory tip

Imagine a small, timid dog (symbolizing fear) that gets stirred up (incited) by a loud noise. The character 怂 has a heart (心) component, representing emotions, and the radical 虍 (hū) which can evoke images of a fierce tiger, contrasting with the dog's fearfulness.

Meanings of 怂

sǒng(song3)
1to arouse, to incite, to instigate
2terrified
Exercise 1 of 2

By ear

Play it, then pick what 怂 means.

About 怂

怂Simplified
慫Traditional
8Strokes
心Radical
动语素dòngcíverb root (v.root)Part of Speech
#—Frequency Rank

Podcast: 怂

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Podcast: 怂

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AI study notes for 怂

Quick Contrast

怂 (sǒng) vs 胆小 (dǎnxiǎo) — use 怂 when referring to instigating fear in someone, while 胆小 describes a person who is inherently timid.

Usage Notes

Be cautious when using 怂, as it can carry a negative connotation, especially when referring to someone's character. It is informal and best used in casual conversations among friends rather than in formal settings. Common collocations include 怂恿 (sǒng yǒng), meaning to instigate or incite someone to do something.

HSK Study Tips

Although 怂 is not part of the HSK vocabulary, it can be connected to other emotional descriptors at a similar level, such as 怕 (pà) meaning 'to fear'. Students should pay attention to its context in conversations and practice using it correctly in idiomatic expressions.

Common Mistakes

Learners often confuse 怂 with similar words like 胆小 (dǎn xiǎo), which means 'timid'. For instance, saying '他很怂' (tā hěn sǒng) to mean 'he is timid' may not convey the same meaning; it should be used to imply instigation or fear in a specific context.

AI-enhanced 2026-03-24

Pronunciation of 怂

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Etymology of 怂

Formation typepictophonetic
六书 ClassificationPhono-semantic (形声字)~80-90% of characters
Explanation

Phonosemantic compound. 心 represents the meaning and 从 represents the sound. Simplified form of 慫.

Memory hint

heart

Semantic (meaning)心
+
Phonetic (sound)从
Learn more about Phono-semantic (形声字) characters
Exercise 1 of 1

Origin

怂 = 心 + 从. What kind of character does that make it?

Decomposition of 怂

IDS Structure⿱从心
怂Full character
=
从Cong2
top
心xin1
bottom
Exercise 1 of 2

Parts

Which of these is part of 怂?

How to say to arouse, to incite, to instigate in Chinese

“to arouse, to incite, to instigate” in Chinese is怂sǒng

The character 怂 (sǒng) primarily means to incite or instigate someone to act, often with a connotation of instilling fear or cowardice. It is commonly used in informal contexts to describe someone who is frightened or lacking courage, and it conveys a sense of pushing someone into a situation they may not want to face.

When to use 怂

Be cautious when using 怂, as it can carry a negative connotation, especially when referring to someone's character. It is informal and best used in casual conversations among friends rather than in formal settings. Common collocations include 怂恿 (sǒng yǒng), meaning to instigate or incite someone to do something.

怂 or something close to it

怂 (sǒng) vs 胆小 (dǎnxiǎo) — use 怂 when referring to instigating fear in someone, while 胆小 describes a person who is inherently timid.

What learners get wrong

Learners often confuse 怂 with similar words like 胆小 (dǎn xiǎo), which means 'timid'. For instance, saying '他很怂' (tā hěn sǒng) to mean 'he is timid' may not convey the same meaning; it should be used to imply instigation or fear in a specific context.

Write 怂

怂

Practice writing 怂 stroke by stroke. Watch the animation to learn the stroke order, then try writing it yourself.

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Grammar patterns of 怂

怂 functions as a verb — the action or state of the sentence. The Chinese order is Subject + Verb + Object (我吃饭). Negate it with 不 (habitual / future) or 没(有) (completed action). Add aspect markers like 了, 过, 着 directly after the verb. It carries 2 related meanings, each with its own usage notes below. The example sentences below show it in action, with practice buttons (Listen, Practice Writing, Practice Speaking) on every line.

Exercise 1 of 3

Fill the gap

Type the missing word. Pinyin works; then pick the character.

谁____恿他吸毒的?

Who encouraged his taking drugs?

Example sentences for 怂 (2)

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1
谁怂恿他吸毒的?

shéi sǒngyǒng tā xīdú de?

Who encouraged his taking drugs?
2
戴头盔给骑自行车的人一种错误的安全感,怂恿他们去冒险。

dài tóu kuī gěi qí zìxíngchē de rén yī zhǒng cuòwù de ānquán gǎn, sǒngyǒng tāmen qù màoxiǎn。

Wearing helmets gave cyclists a false sense of security and encouraged them to take risks.
Exercise 1 of 1

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Rebuild it: “Who encouraged his taking drugs?”

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Cultural Notes for 怂

🌏Cross-cultural Insight

In Western cultures, the idea of instigating someone often carries a more active connotation, implying manipulation, while in Chinese, it can also imply a deep emotional response tied to fear and cowardice.

Word Family of 怂

Words containing this character2
怂恿to instigate慫恿
怂sǒngterrified慫
Exercise 1 of 1

Words with 怂

What does 怂恿 mean?

Frequently asked questions about 怂

害怕 (hàipà) simply means 'to be afraid', while 怂 implies a sense of being instigated or pushed into fear.

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